Prinsip-prinsip NDT:
1. Kemampuan mekanik setelah mengalami lesi atau dengan menggunakan penanganan yang tepat memungkinkan untuk diperbaiki
2. Lesi pada susunan saraf pusat menyebabkan gangguan fungsi secara keseluruhan namun dalam NDT yang ditangani adalah motorik.
3. Spastisitas dalam NDT dipandang sebagai gangguan dari sikap yang
normal dan kontrol gerakan.
4. Pembelajaran pada gerakan yang normal merupakan dasar gerakan dapat
dilakukan jika Tonus normal.
5. Mekanisme Postural Reflex yang normal merupakan dasar gerakan yang normal.
6. Otot tidak tahu fungsi masing-masing otot tapi pola geraknya.
7. Gerakan dicetuskan di sensoris dilaksanakan oleh motorik dan dikontrol
oleh sensoris.
Tujuan konsep NDT :
1. Memperbaiki dan mencegah postur dan pola gerakan abnormal.
2. Mengajarkan postur dan pola gerak yang normal.
Prinsip terapi dan penanganan :
1. Simetris dalam sikap dan gerakan
2. Seaktif mungkin mengikuti sertakan sisi yang sakit pada segala kegiatan.
3. Pemakaian gerakan-gerakan ADL dalam terapi.
4. Konsekuensi selama penanganan (ada tahap-tahap dalam terapi).
5. Pembelajaran bukan diarahkan pada gerakannya, tetapi pada perasaan gerakan.
6. Terapi dilakukan secara individu.
Teknik terapi:
Metode NDT mempunyai beberapa teknik : 1) Inhibisi dari postur yang abnormal dan tonus otot yang dinamis, 2) Stimulasi terhadap otot-otot yang mengalami hypertonik , 3) Fasilitas pola gerak normal (Rood, 2000).
1. Inhibisi
Suatu upaya untuk menghambat dan menurunkan tonus otot. Tekniknya disebut Reflex Inhibitory Paternt.
Perubahan tonus postural dan patern menyebabkan dapat bergerak lebih normal dengan menghambat pola gerak abnormal menjadi sikap tubuh yang normal dengan menggunakan teknik “Reflex Inhibitory Pattern”.
2. Fasilitasi
Upaya untuk mempermudah reaksi-reaksi automatik dan gerak motorik yang sempurna pada tonus otot normal. Tekniknya disebut “Key Point of Control”.
Tujuannya:
a. Untuk memperbaiki tonus postural yang normal.
b. Untuk memelihara dan mengembalikan kualitas tonus normal.
c. Untuk memudahkan gerakan-gerakan yang disengaja, diperlukan dalam aktifitas sehari-hari.
3. Stimulasi
Yaitu upaya untuk memperkuat dan meningkatkan tonus otot melalui propioseptif dan taktil. Berguna untuk meningkatkan reaksi pada anak, memelihara posisi dan pola gerak yang dipengaruhi oleh gaya gravitasi secara automatic.
Tapping: ditujukan pada group otot antagonis dari otot yang spastic.
Placcing dan Holding: Penempatan pegangan.
Placcing Weight Bearing: Penumpukan berat badan.
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